Pennod 5 – Chwedl Branwen

We suggest in this episode that it’s possible to read the Second Branch of the Mabinogi as radical social criticism. At the start of the tale of Branwen Daughter of Llŷr, the king of Ireland, Matholwch, comes to seek Branwen’s hand, thinking that the royal marriage will be the basis for a political alliance which can make both islands stronger. But instead of peace and prosperity, the union of Branwen and Matholwch ends up leading to an apocalyptical war which kills most of Ireland’s population and most of the soldiers in the great army which crosses the sea to save her. Is this text’s author trying to suggest that women shouldn’t be traded like goods and that dynastic marriages are full of danger? Another remarkable aspect of this wonderful literary work is the way in which we see two worlds at once, with Branwen’s brother, Bendigeidfran, both as ‘crowned king of this island’ – described as ‘The Island of the Mighty’ – and as a Welsh lord with his court in Harlech.

One takes us back to the legendary golden age before other nations took the Island from the ancestors of the Welsh, and the other allows us to read this story in a more direct Welsh context. We also suggest that the end of this branch is a literary treatment of the PTSD suffered by soldiers in the wake of war.